| Several forms of primary schools exist
in India. They could be private schools, government schools, government
aided private schools, and schools run by missionaries, Muslim madrasa
schools, schools run by trust and so on. All schools have to follow
certain basic norms that conform to the central governments examination
system.
India being a vast country both in terms of area and population
and several complex diversities which pose a threat for a uniform
pattern of education. The Indian governments are committed to delivering
basic education to all its children, a policy that is being implemented
much effectively when compared to the pre independence and early
post independence periods. The country was divided on the basis
of caste, religion and class considerably. There has been a considerable
change in the situation now with more and more people getting educated
and their outlook towards life having changed. Disparities still
exist and they have to be wiped off completely. But we are slowly
and steadily inching towards it.
Keeping in mind UNICEF’s commitment that ‘every girl
and every boy completes a quality, primary-school education’,
the authorities from time to time have introduced measures to try
and help give all the children primary education. Several legislations
have been passed for abolishing child labor and get them into schools
where in a lot of cases, especially rural areas free education with
provision for food is given. Efforts have been made to do away with
caste biases and bring the children from the harijan families and
other backward classes to the fore front. It is impossible to change
the mindset of a society completely but the process is being done
gradually.
Most of the cities and urban areas have more or less achieved this
target of ensuring primary school education to all children, but
more work has to be done in rural areas with regard to this. There
is also a lack of proper infrastructure in a lot of rural areas
be it with regards to the building or staff. Where there has been
a huge amount of progress in this field ever since independence,
there is still a lot of work to be done.
Several programmes have been put forward by governments from time
for the proper implementation of primary education. It includes
District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) in 1992, the Minimum
Levels of Learning (MLL) initiative and more recently the Sarva
Shiksha Abhiyan (or the National Programme for Universal Elementary
Education).
The development of primary schools in India differ from place to
place. Some states in India like Kerala, Tamilnadu stand in the
forefront where as states like Bihar remains largely underdeveloped
in this aspect. The northeast states also fall short of proper implementation
of primary education policies.
With sincere and continuous efforts by governments, NGOs and other
communities, India’s primary schools are gaining a lot of
momentum. Such basic facilities like drinking water facilities,
toilet facilities, proper classrooms and qualified staff are being
emphasized on. In the urban areas constant innovations are carried
out in teaching methods and subjects so as to improve the quality
of education.
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